Non-Tariff Measures and Production Allocation Decisions of Cereal Farmers

Cereal farmers in Ghana face increasing regulation through NTMs, which influence production choices and market participation. NTMs such as quality standards and certification requirements can alter incentives, pushing farmers toward or away from certain crops. Understanding how NTMs shape production allocation decisions is critical for agricultural policy and farmer welfare. The broader challenge is that NTMs can create both opportunities and constraints. Farmers who comply may access premium markets, while those unable to meet standards may be excluded. This dynamic reshapes production systems and household livelihoods. This study situates NTMs within the broader discourse on agricultural regulation and farmer decision-making.

Farmer survey data was collected to capture production allocation decisions under NTMs. Econometric models were applied to measure the impact of NTMs on crop choice, input use, and market participation. Comparative analysis was conducted between farmers exposed to NTMs and those less affected. Qualitative interviews provided insights into farmer perceptions of NTMs and their influence on decision-making. This dual approach ensured findings were both statistically rigorous and contextually grounded.