Welfare Impacts of Climate-Smart Agriculture (Row Planting, Drought-Tolerant Maize)

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has been promoted as a pathway to resilience and sustainability. Practices such as row planting and adoption of drought-tolerant maize varieties are designed to improve yields while reducing vulnerability to climate shocks. In Ghana, where rainfall variability is a major challenge, these practices have gained attention. This study evaluates their welfare impacts, focusing on income, food security, and resilience. The rationale is that CSA practices not only improve productivity but also reduce labor costs and enhance household welfare. Row planting increases efficiency, while drought-tolerant maize provides insurance against rainfall variability. Together, they represent a package of innovations that can transform farming systems. However, adoption remains uneven, and evidence is needed to demonstrate benefits. This research situates CSA within the broader agenda of climate adaptation and rural development.

Household survey data was collected across multiple regions, capturing adoption rates of CSA practices. Econometric models were applied to assess welfare outcomes, including income, expenditure, and food security. This quantitative approach provided evidence of causal impacts. Qualitative interviews were conducted to understand farmer perceptions of CSA. These narratives highlighted both benefits and challenges, such as labor requirements and seed availability. Regional comparisons were made to capture heterogeneity in outcomes. By integrating quantitative and qualitative data, the study provided a nuanced understanding of CSA impacts.