Time Use, Childcare, and Adoption of Labor-saving Technologies on Smallholder Farms

Labor & Gender

Time Use, Childcare, and Adoption of Labor-saving Technologies on Smallholder Farms

Joint modeling of time poverty and technology adoption highlights binding constraints for women in peak agricultural seasons.

2024
|World Development

Key findings

  • Peak-season time diaries show childcare overlaps with fertilizer top-dressing windows, depressing timely adoption of recommended packages.
  • Light mechanization trials free hours that reallocates to livestock care rather than leisure — implications for how WTP is measured.

Gendered agronomy

Extension calendars designed for male plot managers mis-time recommendations for households where women execute key tasks under competing care burdens.

Joint modeling

We estimate simultaneous equations for time poverty indices and technology stacks, using rainfall timing as an instrument for labor peaks.